Patterns in Primes

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This palindromic prime number reads the same upside down or when viewed in a mirror.

CONTENTS

Primes From Factorials !

PRIME is Prime

Sum of 5 & 7 Primes

More Prime series

5, 7, 9 Digit Primes

21 Consecutive Primes

Near Repdigit Primes

Smallest & Largest Primes

5 & 71

Fortunate Primes

Primes in First k Digits of p

Palindromic Primes

Four Palindromic Primes

Palindrome from Primes

9-Digit Palindromic Primes

Depression Primes

Pandigital Palindromic P.

Ascending Pandigital Prime

Reversible Prime 3911

Reversible Primes

Perfect Prime Squares

Order-6 Perfect Prime Sqrs.

Order-3 Superperfect P. S.

Palindromic Sequences

Digit Complementary P.P.

A Prime Circle

A String of Primes

Three digits-all prime

Prime Factors of 114985

Prime PPDI’s

Consecutive gaps ... primes

Two Prime Pyramids

Overlapping Primes

All Primes!

First and Last Columns ...

The First 7 Primes

A Prime Series

Digital sums of prime pair ..

12-Digit Near-Repunit P.

A Prime Pair

Common Factors

Palindrome 373

Circular Primes

Priming the Cube

Pairs equal Prime

Primes From Factorials !

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Factorial n (n!) means 1 x 2 x 3 x … x n

Unfortunately the next factorial results in a composite number.

The above shows the number 1 as a prime, although it is normally considered neither prime nor composite.

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PRIME is Prime

Assign the value 1 to A, 2 to B, 3 to C, . . . , 26 to Z. Then

P_is_P.gif (1927 bytes)i.e. 16 + 18 + 9 + 13 + 5 = 61

 

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Sum of 5 & 7 Consecutive Primes = a prime

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More Consecutive Prime series

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Above is shown three of the five series that use 2, the only even prime number.

Then I show one of each odd series from three to twenty-one. There are a total of sixty-one series with an odd number of primes (using primes < 100). every prime < 89 is the leading term in at least one series.

Charles w. Trigg, JRM 18(4),1985-86, p.247-248

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5, 7 and 9 Digit Consecutive Primes

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Three consecutive primes sum to a palindromic prime.

Visit Patrick De Geest's very attractive and informative WWW site about Palindromic Numbers at Other Links
The 9-digit set was reported by Jud McCranie July 11, 1998

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21 Consecutive Primes

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The 21 consecutive primes from 7 to 89 sum to the prime number 953. Also when arranged in groups of three, each group sums to a prime. Furthermore, the reverse of these prime sums also sum to 953 !

 

T.V.Padmakrumar, JRM 27:1, 1995, p57

 

 

 

 

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Near Repdigit Primes

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All primes!
The next prime number in this series, though, is 17 threes with a one at the end.
Some other numbers in this series (with less then 1800 threes) are:
3391 (that's 39 threes with a one at the end
37831
317311
Near Repdigit Primes consist of a series of the same digit, then one different digit; or one digit and then a series of a different digit.
The above series is particularly attractive because the number of threes in the first seven primes increase by one. There are only eleven other primes in this series with less then 1800 threes.

NearRep5.gif (3136 bytes)This is an example of the other type of Near Repdigit Primes.
Some other numbers in this series (with less then 4471 nines) are:
5922
59361
594332

This last number is a prime consisting of a five followed by 4,332 nines!
There are many combinations of digits that make up Near Repdigit Primes but the last digit in the number must be a 1, 3, 7, or 9.

See Chris Caldwell JRM 21:4, p 299 & JRN 22:2, p 101

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Smallest and Largest Primes

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of digit length from 1 to 15

 

 

 

 

 

 

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5 & 71

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The above two primes evenly divide the sum of the primes less then themselves.
The only other such prime less then 2,000,000 is 369119, the 1577th prime.
D. Wells, Curious & Interesting Numbers P.129

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Fortunate Primes

Starting with 2 , find product of consecutive primes. Call it p
Then p + 1 = s
Take next largest prime > s. Call it v. Then v – p = prime.
Martin Gardner (The Last Recreations) calls these last numbers ‘fortunate primes’.

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Primes in First k Digits of p

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For k = 1,2,6, & 38. The next prime has at least 500 digits !

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Palindromic Primes

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11 is the only Palindromic prime with an even number of digits.
These are the smallest and largest Palindromic primes of length 1 to 19.
Number of palindromic primes of length 1=4, 2=1, 3=15, 5=93, 7=668, 9=5172
From PALPRI..HTM by Patrick De Geese, Belguim, July/96

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Four Palindromic Primes

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FromPALPRI..HTMbyPatrickDeGeese,Belguim,July/96
Link to his page from Other Links

 

 

 

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Palindrome from Primes

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Product of the first seven primes divided by ten gives a palindrome number.

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9-Digit Palindromic Primes

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Palindromic Primes There are a total of 5172 nine digit primes that read the same forward or backward. Many of them have extra properties.
Plateau Primes There are 3 primes where all the interior digits are alike and are higher then the terminal digits. There are two primes, 322222223 & 722222227 in which the interior digits are smaller then the end ones. These are called Depression Primes
Undulating Primes So called when adjacent digits are alternately greater or less then their neighbors. If there are only two distinct digits, they are called smoothly undulating. Of the total of 1006 undulating nine digit palindromic primes, seven are smoothly undulating.
Peak & Valley Primes If the digits of the prime, reading left to right, steadily increase to a maximum value, and then steadily decrease, they are called peak primes. Valley primes are just the opposite. There are a total of 10 peak and 20 valley primes. 345676543 is unique because of the five consecutive digits.

See Les Card JRM 14:1 p30

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Depression Primes

Depress.gif (2579 bytes)The above numbers are called depression primes. The next ones in the 'two' series contain 27 and 63 two's! Note the 'seven 'two's in the one above. The next ones in the 'five' series contain 19, 21, 57, 73 & 81 fives.

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A Pandigital Palindromic Prime

PPP.gif (1933 bytes)This 19 digit number reads the same forwards and backwards. It contains each of the digits 0 to 9 twice, except the 7 which appears only once .

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Ascending Pandigital Prime

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This prime contains all the digits from 1 to 9 in order, then repeats starting from 0.
Two similar primes but using only the nine digits from 1 to 9 are 1234567891 and 1234567891234567891234567891.
David Wells, Curious & Interesting Numbers, p191

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Reversible Prime 3911

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These numbers are all primes!!
3911, it's reverse, and both numbers with a 3 on either end or a 9 on either end.
There are a total of 102 reversible prime pairs of four digits.

Les Card JRM:11:1 ,p 9

 

 

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Reversable Primes

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These primes are six digit reversable with an imbedded four digit reversable prime.
For example, the top number of the middle column: following are all prime; 311537, 335117, 735113, 711533, 1153, 3511..In this particular case, 31153, 71153 and 35117 are five digit primes, 11 and 53 are two digit primes, and two 3’s, the 5 and the 7 are all one digit primes.
There are a total of 4769 reversible prime pairs of six digits.

Les Card, JRM 12:4 ,p 27

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Perfect Prime Squares

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In each of these two squares, all rows, columns and the two main diagonals are distinct prime numbers when read in either direction. The order-5 square above is one of three reported by Mr. Card.


L. E. Card,Patterns in Primes, JRM 1:2, 1968, pp .93-99, April 1968

 

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Order-6 Perfect Prime Squares

PPs_6.gif (3046 bytes)In 1998 Carlos B. Rivera and Jaime Ayala rediscovered the order-4 shown above (L. E. Card) and conjecture that it is the only solution with 20 distinct primes and no palindromes. They also found another three order-5 Perfect Prime Squares with 24 distinct 5 digit primes (they call them Prime-magical squares). They also found these two order-6 squares which each contain twenty-eight 6 digit primes.

Carlos has a WWW page dealing with Prime Puzzles & Problems at http://www.sci.net.mx/~crivera/.


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An Order-3 Superperfect Prime Square

SPsquare.gif (1437 bytes)1 of the 24 possible order-3 perfect prime squares (not counting rotations and reflections. Each row, column, and the two main diagonals all consist of 3-digit primes when read in either direction. This one is superperfect because the partial diagonal pairs are also prime numbers. The 5 can be replaced with an 8. It is also Superperfect.

All order 2 and 3 perfect prime squares contain palindromes and contain duplicate prime numbers.
Do only Order-3 perfect prime squares contain palindromic primes? Are there any superperfect prime squares of order greater then 3?

Charles W. Trigg,Perfect Prime Squares, JRM 17:2, 1984-85, pp .91-94, 1984-85

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A Palindromic Sequence Series

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Each sequence is formed from the one above it by inserting n, the row number, between all adjacent numbers that add to n. k is the number of numbers in each sequence. So far all k are prime numbers. Does this series continue indefinitely?

This pattern is credited to Leo Moser (Martin Gardner, The Last Recreations, p.199).

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Digit Complementary Prime Pairs

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A Diigit Complementary Prime Pair is defined as a pair of prime numbers in which digits in corresponding positions sum to 10 (or 0). There are 136 four digit pairs.

a. a reversible prime pair                                b. the two primes contain 8 different digits
c. twin primes                                                d. both primes contain consecutive digits
e. first member of the pair contains the 4 prime digits in order
f. each prime contains 3 digits the same

Charles W. Trigg, JRM 22:2, 1990,  p 95-97

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A Prime Circle

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This is an example of a prime circle. Two adjacent numbers, including the last number and the first number, sum to a prime. In this particular case all the numbers are 3 digits. This circle is of length ninety, and is part of a 200 length prime circle found by Charles Ashbacher, JRM 26:1, 1994, p 63.

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A String of Primes

Pstring.gif (3511 bytes)Start at the first digit, or the first digit after any comma, and read a nine digit prime number.

L. E. Card, JRM 11:1, p.16.

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Three digits-all prime

3Digit_P.gif (1954 bytes)The only 3-digit numbers such that all arrangements of their three digits are prime numbers.

Also for 113, all 2-digit combinations are prime numbers.

 

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Prime Factors of 114985

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The prime factors of 114985 are 1, 5, 13, 29, 61.



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Prime PPDI’s

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The above three numbers are all Pluperfect Digital Invariants, meaning that when each digit of the number is raised to the power equal to the length of the number, the sum of these powers is equal to the original number.

i.e. 28116440335967 = 214 + 814 + 114 + 114 + 614 + 414 + 414 + 014 + 314 + 314 + 514 + 914 + 614 + 714.

The above three numbers are also PRIME !
They are the only primes among the 79 PPDI’s under length forty.

The first number (the smallest) is the only one of the three that is pandigital. Also, of the four digits that appear twice, three appear as adjacent pairs.
The largest number contains three digits that appear four times and three digits that appear three times.

See Deimel & Jones, JRM 14(2), 1982, pp. 87 to 99 for list of the 79 PPDI’S to order 39.

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Consecutive gaps between primes

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Two Prime Pyramids

Ppyramid.gif (3358 bytes)All the numbers in these pyramids are primes.


Also...
All the numbers in the first pyramid are reversible primes. All numbers in the second pyramid except the fourth and sixth ones (8 & 12 digits) are also reversible primes. (The next number in each sequence is composite).

Les.Card JRM 11:4, 1978, 79 ,p 283

 

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Overlapping Primes

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The largest known prime number such that any two adjacent digits are prime and all these primes are different.

David Wells ,Curious and Interesting Number, p. 195

 


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All Primes!

AllP_1.gif (6631 bytes) These are the largest possible primes with this property. The top number of the second column as shown on page 191 of the credit is a typo, as the number shown is composite. In the third set, the last digit of the first number could be a three, as that number is also a prime. The number ‘1’ here is presumed to be prime, although by definition it is not.

Four other numbers with this property are 233399339, 29399999, 37337999 & 59393339

Chris K. Caldwell, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 19:1, 1987,
pp 30-33
David Wells, Curious & Interesting Numbers pps 191, 192, 200

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First and Last Columns are Prime Numbers

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The First 7 Primes

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Unfortunately, these relationships do not hold for the next higher prime, 19.

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A Prime Series

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(Term n =  Term n-1 times 2 plus 1)

 

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Digital sums of prime pair products

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12-Digit Near-Repunit Primes

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These are all the 12-digit primes of this type.

There is 1 with 3 digits, 1 with 5 digits, 1 with 6 digits,
2 with 8 digits, and 1 with 9 digits.

Next size after 12 digits is 17 with 2 such prime numbers.

 

C. Caldwell & H.Dubner JRM 27:1, 1995, p 35

 

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A Prime Pair (relatively small)

PPair.gif (2492 bytes)The two largest known twin primes are 242206083 * 238880 . plus and minus 1 with 11713 digits, found by Indlekofer and Ja'rai in November, 1995. They are also the first known gigantic twin primes (primes with at least 10,000 digits).
See http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/lists/top20/twin.html

 

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Common Factors

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Each row, column and main diagonal has a common factor that is one of the first 8 prime numbers.

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Palindrome Prime 373

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373 = sum of the squares of the first 5 odd primes

Also:  the sum of five consecutive primes starting with 67.

From Patrick De Geest's Palindrome numbers WWW site at http://ping4.ping.be/~ping6758//index.shtml

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Circular Primes

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A circular prime is a prime number that remains prime as each leftmost digit (msd)
in turn is moved to the right hand side.

From Patrick De Geest's Palindrome numbers WWW site (see above)

 

 


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Priming the Cube

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The only arrangement of 8 consecutive digits (not counting rotations or reflections) such that any two adjacent sum to a prime number.

 

 

 

 


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Pairs equal Prime

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In this pattern the sum of each pair of numbers connected by a line sums to a prime number.
The pattern is symmetrical both horizontally and vertically and uses the consecutive numbers from 1 to 22.



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